Expenditures from Consolidated Fund
No expenditure shall be incurred from the Federal Consolidated Fund except: (a) moneys charged on it, (b) moneys under an Appropriation Act, (c) advance moneys when Appropriation Bill is under consideration, or (d) expenditure from contingency fund.
The government CANNOT spend money from the Consolidated Fund freely. It can only spend through 4 legal channels: (1) constitutionally mandated expenses (like judges\' salaries), (2) Parliament-approved budget, (3) emergency advances while budget is being debated, (4) contingency fund for emergencies. No minister can write a cheque without legal authority.
सञ्चित कोषबाट खर्च गर्न ४ वटा कानुनी आधार चाहिन्छ — संसदको स्वीकृति बिना सरकारले खर्च गर्न सक्दैन।
Multiple checks prevent unauthorized spending — Parliament must approve all major expenditures.
Emergency spending provisions can be exploited; parliamentary oversight is sometimes weak in practice.